Ephesians 1:2 Grace be to you, and peace, from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ:
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 1:15 Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints,
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 1:17 That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him:
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 2:21 In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord (NT Phrase 1):
Aramaic: Lordsprm — agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 3:11 According to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord:
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 4:1 I therefore, the prisoner of (en) the Lord, beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called,
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 4:5 One Lord, one faith, one baptism,
Aramaic: Lordsprm — agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 4:17 This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord (NT Phrase 1), that ye henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind,
Aramaic: Lordsprm — agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 5:8 For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord (NT Phrase 1): walk as children of light:
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 5:10 Proving what is acceptable unto the lord
(God. LAU has our Lord)*.
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: texts are split
*The Greek word euarestos, translated acceptable,
is used nine times in the New Testament as an adjective (Rom. 12:1, 2; 14:18; 2
Co. 5:9, Eph 5:10, Phi. 4:18; Col.3:20; Titus 2:9; Heb. 13:21) and three more
times in a verb form (Hebrews 11:5,6; 13:16), and once adverbially (Hebrews
12:28). Only two of these records refer to believers being well pleasing to the
Lord Jesus Christ (2
Because the Greek words euarestos and dokimazo are used in Ephesians 5:10 in a way very similar to Romans 12:2, because of the immediate context of Ephesians 5:10, and because of the predominant use of euarestos with God, the Latin and Aramaic texts that read God rather than lord could well be correct. The context of Ephesians 5:10 is about God. In Ephesians 5:1 we to be “imitators of God,” we are not to have a full-sharing with the darkness of idolatrous worship described in 5:3-6. Instead, we, as imitators of God are to be are “light in the Lord.” Therefore, we are to walk as children of the Light. The Light is God who is “the Father of lights” (James 1:17). Although the King James Version of Ephesians 5:9 reads: "for the fruit of the Spirit," the overwhelming textual evidence is, "for the fruit if the Light." When we walk in the light as He is the light, we have the fruit of the light in our lives. We shine as light in the world and we reprove the idolatrous works of darkness. Throughout Ephesians 5, the subject is fellowship with our heavenly Father who is the light. Hence, the Latin and Aramaic readings allow the word God to fit with the words in the verse (dokimazo and euarestos) and with the immediate and remote context.
Ephesians 5:17 Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of God is. (God: is the marginal note in Lachman's critical text, 1842-1850, but all other critical Greek texts read Lord. However, nowhere in the Bible is the will of our Lord Jesus Christ mentioned. His meat was to do the will of the Father: John 4:34; 5:30. LAU follows God from the Aramaic. The two editions of the Latin Vulgate available to me are split.)
Ephesians 5:19 Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the LORD (Compare to Colossians 3:16 where N-A and most other texts say God. All psalms are to God. Therefore, if lord, then Jehovah. Ephesians 5:20 cements the context of these psalms as to God.);
Aramaic: LORDemp — agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 5:20 Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 5:22 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 5:29 For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as Christ (N-A, G, L, T, Tr, A, N have Christ. SCR, BYZ and Ste have Lord. LAU has Christ the Lord. The example of the risen Christ's care has been set in Ephesians 4:7-16.) the church:
Aramaic: Christ
Latin: Christ
Ephesians 6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord (NT Phrase 1; G:, L, TR, A, N omit in the Lord, LAU keeps in the Lord): for this is right.
Aramaic: in our Lord
Ephesians 6:4 And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.*
Aramaic: train them up in the instructions and doctrine
(right believing about) of our Lord
*The feel of the KJV translation is that this is the genitive of origin. If the genitive of origin, then it is the nurture and admonition of Jehovah: all nurture, paideia, comes from the Father: 2 Tim 3:16-4:1. See also Hebrews 12:5-11. This instruction would be His rightly divided word in application. The Aramaic translation seems to go with a genitive of relation. This translation is also reflected in the LAU. The instruction "about our Lord Jesus Christ," is the teaching and application of the rightly divided word. All other instruction outside of this grace is exasperating to one's children. Consider also Ephesians 4:21-21:
But ye
have not so learned Christ;
If so
be that ye have heard him, and have been taught by him, as the truth is in
Jesus:
Likewise, Ephesians 5:2:
And
walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an
offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour.
These verses set the scope of
God’s call to practical living and instruction in our families.
Ephesians 6:5 Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Ephesians 6:7 With good will doing service, as to the Lord, and not to men:
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 6:8 Knowing that whatsoever good thing any man doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be bond or free.
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 6:9 And, ye masters (kurios), do the same things unto them, forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master (kurios) also is in heaven; neither is there respect of persons with him.
Aramaic: 1st lordssprm — agrees
with the Stephens text, 2nd agrees with the Stephens text
Latin: 1st agrees with the Stephens text, 2nd
the Lord both of them and you
Ephesians 6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord*(NT Phrase 1), and in the power of his might.
Aramaic: our Lord
*The word strengthened tells the whole story. In every use of strengthen where the one giving strength is explained, the one strengthening is our Lord:
Philippians 4:13 I can do
all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.
1 Timothy 1:12 And I thank
Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled (strengthened) me, for that he counted
me faithful, putting me into the ministry;
2 Timothy 2:1 Thou therefore,
my son, be strong (strengthened) in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.
2 Timothy 4:17 Notwithstanding
the Lord stood with me, and strengthened me; that by me the preaching might be
fully known, and that all the Gentiles might hear: and I was delivered
out of the mouth of the lion.
However, Ephesians is one, giant introversion. It is like a tremendous mountain of revelation with its zenith at the prayer of the apostle in Ephesians 3:14-21. Ephesians truly is the pinnacle of the revelation given to the church. Ephesians 6:10 echoes Ephesians 1:19:
And what is the
exceeding greatness of his power (dunamis) to us-ward who
believe, according to the working (energia) of his mighty
(ischus) power (kratos),
In Ephesians 6:10:
Finally, my brethren, be strong (endunamoo) in the Lord, and in the power (kratos) of his might (ischus).
See how close these two verses are in subject? However, in Ephesians 1:20:
Which he (God) wrought
(energeo) in
Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own
right hand in the heavenly places,
If God wrought His mighty power in Christ, then where is it? In the Lord! With Ephesians 6:10 one should also consider Colossians 2:10:
And ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power:
The mighty power of God is now in our Lord who is in us. The mighty power that God has wrought in Christ far exceeds the might He has exerted at any time in the Old Testament, including the power he exerted in the original creation of the heavens and the earth. All of this glory is in us in His beloved Son Christ Jesus. So what is the mighty power that bears the specific name of our savior, Jesus Christ? It is the power of total victory over sin now and forever that our Lord is totally equipped with in his triumph over this world. It is the mighty power that God exerted when He raised him from the dead and gave him a name above every name in this world and in the world to come. Against this authority no weapon physical or spiritual can prevail, for nothing can separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord. We are to be equipped with the equipment, the power, the authority, that our Lord is now fully equipped with.
In the next verses of Ephesians 6:11-17 we are commanded to put on the equipment or the armor of God. What is this armor of light? It is the new man, the new creation; all that God is in Christ in each of us! Where do we put it on? We put it on in the renewed mind. We are to be equipped with the equipment, the power, the authority that our Lord is now fully equipped with.
We are not to be equipped with our own good works, we are to identify ourselves with the Lord in his total victory as he identified on the cross with us in our total defeat. As he took our sin, we are to receive his eternal victory over sin and to stand in his stead presenting eternal life to the world.
Ephesians 6:21 But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do, Tychicus, a beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord (NT Phrase 1), shall make known to you all things:
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 6:23 Peace be to the brethren, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
Ephesians 6:24 Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. Amen.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Philippians 1:2 Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 1:14 And many of the brethren in the Lord (NT Phrase 1), waxing confident by my bonds, are much more bold to speak the word without fear.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 2:11 And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
Aramaic: Lordsprm — agrees with the Stephens text
Latin: that the Lord Jesus Christ is in the glory of God the Father.
Philippians 2:19 But I trust in the Lord (NT Phrase 1; Lachman has Christ rather than Lord) Jesus to send Timotheus shortly unto you, that I also may be of good comfort, when I know your state.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 2:24 But I trust in the Lord (NT Phrase 1) that I also myself shall come shortly.
Aramaic: my Lord
Philippians 2:29 Receive him therefore in the Lord (NT Phrase 1) with all gladness; and hold such in reputation:
Aramaic: Lordsprm — agrees with the Stephens text
Philippians 2:30 Because for the work of Christ (Lord—A) he was nigh unto death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service toward me.
Aramaic: Christ
Latin: Christ
Philippians 3:1 Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord (NT Phrase 1). To write the same things to you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 3:8 Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and do count them but dung, that I may win Christ,
Aramaic: my lord, agrees with the Stephens text
Philippians 3:20 For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ:
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: our Lord
Philippians 4:1 Therefore, my brethren dearly beloved and longed for, my joy and crown, so stand fast in the Lord (NT Phrase 1), my dearly beloved.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 4:2 I beseech Euodias, and beseech Syntyche, that they be of the same mind in the Lord (NT Phrase 1).
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 4:4 Rejoice in the Lord (NT Phrase 1) alway: and again I say, Rejoice.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 4:10 But I rejoiced in the Lord (NT Phrase 1) greatly, that now at the last your care of me hath flourished again; wherein ye were also careful, but ye lacked opportunity.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philippians 4:23 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ (NT Phrase 5) be with you all. Amen.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Colossians 1:3 We give thanks to God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, praying always for you,
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Colossians 1:10 That ye might walk worthy of the *Lord unto all pleasing, being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God;
Aramaic: God
Latin: God
*If the Greek texts are correct, certainly Lord Jesus Christ. We are to walk worthy of who we are in Christ. See Colossians 2:6 below.
Colossians 2:6 As ye have therefore received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk ye in him:
Aramaic: our Lord
Colossians 3:13 Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ (N-A has the Lord) forgave you, so also do ye.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
Latin: the Lord
Colossians 3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to God (N-A, G,L,T,Tr,A,N have God. LAU has God. SCR and BYZ have Lord.).
Aramaic: God
Latin: God
Colossians 3:17 And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord (G2 & L omit) Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him.
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: agrees with the Stephen's text
Colossians 3:18 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord (NT Phrase 1).
Aramaic: in Christ
Colossians 3:20 Children, obey your parents in all things: for this is well pleasing unto the Lord (NT Phrase 1; this should be translated: in the Lord: GNT, N-A, BYZ, WHO, and T).
Aramaic: before our Lord
Latin: in the Lord
*The Greek word euarestos, translated acceptable,
is used nine times in the New Testament as an adjective (Rom. 12:1, 2; 14:18; 2
Co. 5:9, Eph 5:10, Phi. 4:18; Col.3:20; Titus 2:9; Heb. 13:21) and three more
times in a verb form (Hebrews 11:5,6; 13:16), and once adverbially (Hebrews
12:28). Only one of these records refers to believers being well pleasing to
the Lord Jesus Christ (2
The context of Ephesians 5:10 is about God. In Ephesians 5:8 we are “light in the Lord.” Therefore, we are to walk as children of the Light. The Light is God who is “the Father of lights” (James 1:17). Although the King James Version of Ephesians 5:9 reads: "for the fruit of the Spirit," the overwhelming textual evidence is, "for the fruit if the Light." The subject is once again our heavenly Father who is the light. Hence, the Latin reading allows the word God to fit with the words in the verse (dokimazo and euarestos) and with the immediate and remote context.
Colossians 3:22 Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh; not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God* (N-A, G,L,T,Tr, A, N, GNT, WHO, have the Lord. SCR, BYZ, STE, have God. The LAU has the reverence of the Lord. The Vulgate editions are also split.).
Aramaic: in the fear of the lord
Latin: texts are split.
*If Lord, then, perhaps, Jehovah. Colossians 3:22 reproves the hypocrisy of working hard while the master is present while being lazy and obstinate in his absence. This is an attitude of getting away with whatever one can without concerning oneself with what is right and wrong. This is very similar to the first use of the Old Testament phrase the fear of God in Genesis 20:11:
And Abraham said, Because I
thought, Surely the fear of God is not in this place; and they will slay
me for my wife's sake.
After reproving this wrong attitude at a universal level, Colossians 3:23 delivers the correction. The Christian believer is to serve an earthly master as he would serve the Lord Jesus Christ from whom we receive the rewards of the inheritance, to whom, whatever we do, we are to do heartily. In Romans 3:18 the absence of this reverence for God is given as evidence that all men need redemption.
Colossians 3:23 And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men;
Aramaic: our Lord
Colossians 3:24 Knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ.
Aramaic: 1st our
Lord; 2nd Lordsprm — agrees
with the Stephens text
Colossians 4:1 Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven.
Aramaic: 1st Lordssprm 2nd
“a lord” (lord in a rare absolute
form w/o genitive construction).
Colossians 4:7 All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord (NT Phrase 1):
Aramaic: Lordsprm — agrees with the Stephens text
Colossians 4:17 And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord (NT Phrase 1), that thou fulfill it. (paralombano: accepted; accepted in the Lord rather than from the Lord. Hence, this refers to the commitment before the household, by revelation, in ordination.)
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 1:1 Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians which is in God the Father and in the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 1:3 Remembering without ceasing your work of faith, and labour of love, and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, in the sight of God and our Father;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Thessalonians 1:6 And ye became followers of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Ghost:
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 1:8 For from you sounded out the word
of (concerning, about) the Lord (NT Phrase
2) not only in
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 2:15 Who both killed the Lord Jesus, and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; and they please not God, and are contrary to all men:
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 2:19 For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Are not even ye in the presence of our Lord Jesus Christ at his coming?
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Thessalonians 3:8 For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord (NT Phrase 1).
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 3:11 Now God himself and our Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way unto you.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Thessalonians 3:12 And ____ (Griesbach 1805 edition, less probable omission. The Alexandrius text has Jesus.) make you to increase and abound in love one toward another, and toward all men, even as we do toward you:
Aramaic: omits the Lord
Latin: the Lord
*Griesbach's less probable omission would allow the work of God and our Lord together, from 3:11, to continue into 3:12 causing the increase and blessing. Two of the Aramaic translations (Magiera and the Way International translation) use he to express the sense of the Aramaic infinitive beginning 3:12. This is great ordinarily, but if Griesbach's omission (as supported by the Aramaic) is correct, then the infinitive should be translated without any pronoun supplied. A translation with the Griesbach omission might read something like:
Now God himself and our
Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way unto you
And (omit the Lord)
cause you to increase and abound in love for one another, and for all men, just
as we also do for you;
So that your hearts (hearts shows subject is the renewed mind) are established without blame, in holiness, before God and our Father (for rewards), at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, with all his saints. Amen.
Doctor Wierwille, in the
When understood in light of the figure of speech heterosis, the Griesbach less probable omission flows with the majority of verses on this subject (such as Rom. 16:25, Phil. 1:2-4, and I Peter 1:12) that speak of the saints being established by God through the gospel. Additionally, the omission of Lord in I Thessalonians 3:12 would allow this section of the scripture to dovetail with 2 Thessalonians 2:16-17:
Now our Lord Jesus Christ
himself, and God, even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting
consolation and good hope through grace,
Comfort your hearts, and
stablish you in every good word and work.
The grammatical construction in both 2 Thessalonians 2:16-17 and in I Thessalonians 3:11-12 would then both be very similar. In both cases a compound subject (the Lord Jesus Christ and God our Father) takes third person singular verbs (increase and abound in I Thessalonians 2:17 and comfort and stablish in II Thessalonians 3:12). This is just as unusual in Greek as it is in English. It would be similar to writing “Paul and Timothy is talking and is listening to the saints.” This break from the ordinary use of Greek is a figure of speech, heterosis. This figure of speech emphasizes the totality of the compound subject working as a single unit to affect great change. This is not a Trinitarian formulation.
A comparison of the Greek in Matthew 5:18 (the heavens and earth will pass) with the Greek of Revelation 21:1 (on the exact same topic) shows, respectively, the use of the figurative and the literal Greek syntax. On page 482 of “A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in Light of Historical Research,” A.T. Robertson’s calls this use of singular verbs with a compound subject the Pindaric construction. Pindar was an early Greek poet, and, therefore, the use of such a construction was surely figurative in its intended emphasis. Robertson states that the Pindaric construction (or figure of speech) emphasizes the totality of the two subjects. For important illustrations of the emphatic power of this figure in the New Testament see also Matthew 6:19-20 and Mark 4:41.
1 Thessalonians 3:13 To the end he may stablish your hearts (So that your hearts are established without blame,) unblameable in holiness before God, even our Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all his saints.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Thessalonians 4:1 Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and exhort you by the Lord Jesus (in the lord: NT Phrase 1), that as ye have received of us how ye ought to walk and to please God, so ye would abound more and more.
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 4:2 For ye know what commandments we gave you by (dia) the Lord Jesus.
Aramaic: in our Lord
1 Thessalonians 4:6 That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter: because that the Lord* is the avenger of all such, as we also have forewarned you and testified.
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: Lord
*The Lord Jesus Christ is the avenger of wrongs within the household. The consequences involve the forfeiture of the opportunity to receive eternal rewards in certain categories of the spiritual competition. These consequences the unwise, who cannot see afar off, the immature in Christ, often dismiss as inconsequential. Nonetheless, the word speaks seriously of these consequences. A saint's eternal life is, however, never in question for he abides faithful, and cannot deny himself. The LORD, Jehovah, is the avenger of wrongdoing for all mankind outside of the church. He will reward every man according to his works. In Revelation, the manner of the LORD's vengeance is fully revealed in Christ. But the Old Testament pattern of Jehovah as the avenger of His people remains consistent in the New Testament.
1 Thessalonians 4:15 For this we say unto you by the word of the LORD (Jehovah: OT phrase 21), that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.
Aramaic: 1st our Lord, 2nd
our Lord
1 Thessalonians 4:16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 4:17 Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 5:2 For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the LORD (Jehovah, OT phrase 15. Notice I Thessalonians 5:9 shows the context to be the day of wrath.) so cometh as a thief in the night.
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 5:9 For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ,
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Thessalonians 5:12 And we beseech you, brethren, to know them which labour among you, and are over you in the Lord (NT Phrase 1), and admonish you;
Aramaic: our Lord –Walton, 1657; Schaaf, 1709 omit in our Lord
1 Thessalonians 5:23 And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Thessalonians 5:27 I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read unto all the holy brethren.
Aramaic: our Lord
1 Thessalonians 5:28 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ
(NT
Phrase 5) be with you. Amen. {The first epistle to the
Thessalonians was written from
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 1:1 Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ:
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Thessalonians 1:2 Grace unto you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Thessalonians 1:7 And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels,
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Thessalonians 1:8 In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ:
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 1:9 Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord (context: vs. 10), and from the glory of his power;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 1:12 That the name of our Lord Jesus Christ may be glorified in you, and ye in him, according to the grace of our God and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: 1st agrees with the Stephens text;
2nd our
Lord
2 Thessalonians 2:1 Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him,
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of the LORD (Jehovah, day of Jehovah, OT phrase 15: G, L, T, Tr, A, N, N-A, GNT, WHO, TIS, have the Lord: SCR, STE, BYZ have Christ) is at hand.
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: the Lord
*The weight of the evidence from the text is the Lord. This has to be the Day of Jehovah, the Day of Wrath, because the church is commanded to take comfort in the truth that the Day of our Lord Jesus Christ is at hand. The only way that the Day of Christ is the correct text is if the phrase translated at hand or arrived should be has past. This is because the departure of 2:3 is the Day of Christ. However, the texts don't support the translation of has past.
2 Thessalonians 2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:
Aramaic: our Lord Jesus
Latin: our Lord Jesus
2 Thessalonians 2:13 But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth:
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: beloved of God
2 Thessalonians 2:14 Whereunto he called you by our gospel, to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 2:16 Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God, even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting consolation and good hope through grace,
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 3:1 Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of (about) the Lord (NT Phrase 2) may have free course, and be glorified, even as it is with you:
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: word of God
2 Thessalonians 3:3 But the LORD*: is faithful, who shall stablish you and keep you from evil.
Aramaic: LORDemp, agrees with the Stephens text
Latin: texts are split
*Lachmann and one of the Latin editions have God. Likewise,
Aramaic editions by Walton (1657) and
Schaaf (1709) have God. All
of the critical Greek texts and the Aramaic have the Lord. In Timothy
2:13 and in Hebrews 2:17, the Lord Jesus Christ is the faithful witness and the
faithful high priest. He is faithful to God as an example. He is the faithful
witness who cannot deny himself (meaning he cannot deny us who are the body of
the church), and he is the faithful high priest of God, whose blood cleanses us
from all our transgressions as we seek forgiveness. Still, the One in the Bible
who is faithful to us and to His word without explanation or qualification is
God: I Corinthians 1:9, I Co. 10:13, 2
The context of II Thessalonians 3 centers on our Lord Jesus Christ to a great extent; however, the conjunctions are de not kai. II Thessalonians 3 is a cluster of disparate statements given as a final salutation of love and blessing. If Lord, then Jehovah.
2 Thessalonians 3:4 And we have confidence in the Lord (NT Phrase 1) touching you, that ye both do and will do the things which we command you.
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Thessalonians 3:5 And (de-now) the Lord direct your hearts into the love of God, and into the patient waiting for Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Thessalonians 3:6 Now (de-now) we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 3:12 Now them that are such we command and exhort by our (some Greek texts omit) Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Thessalonians 3:16 Now the Lord of peace himself give
you peace always by all means. The Lord be with you all.
Aramaic: peace’s lord (3rd person suffix
before daleth); 2nd our Lord
2 Thessalonians 3:18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ (NT Phrase 5) be with you all. Amen.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Christ Jesus, our hope; (N-A, G,L,T,Tr,A, omits Lord. LAU has Christ Jesus)
Aramaic: omits Lord, has Christ Jesus
Vulgate: omits Lord,
has Christ Jesus
1 Timothy 1:2 Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 1:12 And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 1:14 And the grace of our Lord (the LORD—LAU; Lord: NT Phrase 5) was exceeding abundant with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 5:21 I charge thee before God, and the Lord (N-A, G,L,T,Tr,A, N omit the Lord. LAU keeps the Lord) Jesus Christ, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things without preferring one before another, doing nothing by partiality.
Aramaic: our
Lord
Vulgate: omits the Lord
1 Timothy 6:1 Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters (despotes: slave owners) worthy of all honour, that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed.
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 6:2 And they that have believing masters (despotes: slave owners), let them not despise them, because they are brethren; but rather do them service, because they are faithful and beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and exhort.
Aramaic: lordssprm – seemingly the only Aramaic correspondent to despotes
1 Timothy 6:3 If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 6:14 That thou keep this commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ:
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
1 Timothy 6:15 Which in his (instead of in his, the Aramaic has God, the King …, will show in due time) times he shall shew, who is the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords;
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
2 Timothy 1:2 To Timothy, my dearly beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
Aramaic: agrees
with the Stephens text
2 Timothy 1:8 Be not thou therefore ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me his prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the gospel according to the power of God;
Aramaic: agrees
with the Stephens text
2 Timothy 1:16 The Lord (the Lord Jesus Christ. From the context, vs. 2 above, it is the Lord together with God. The Greek verb form of the word for give in 1:16 and 1:18 is identical.) give mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus; for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain:
Aramaic: our Lord; Armenian codex: armenica
ex cdd. Uscani (1666) God
2 Timothy 1:18 The *LORD (Jehovah) grant unto him (Onesiphorus —a believer who blessed Paul's life) that he may find mercy of (para – from with the genitive; beside the Lord when Lord is in the dative as it is in several obscure texts) the Lord (Jesus Christ) in that day (the day of Christ—rewards for the church): and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, thou knowest very well.
Aramaic: 1st our Lord; 2nd
our Lord
2nd Greek: P025 120.241:
from God
*If P025, 120 and 41 are correct, then these two uses should be reversed. The Lord (Christ Jesus) grant unto him (Onesiphorus) that he may find mercy from beside God in that day (the day of Christ). This makes the most sense, since Christ Jesus our Lord ever liveth to make intercession for us. He is the high priest who, through the sacrifice of himself, gives us boldness, access to go before the throne of mercy (Hebrews 4:14-16).
2 Timothy 2:7 Consider what I say; and the LORD (Jehovah: context of Selah or consider what I say. With Exodus 36:1. LAU = Jah) give thee understanding in all things.
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: for the Lord
2 Timothy 2:14 Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the God (N-A, Lm,T,Tr, N has God. LAU has God) that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers.
Aramaic: our Lord
Vulgate: the Lord
2 Timothy 2:19
Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The *LORD
(Jehovah: this is what is written on the seal of the foundation of God. He is
risen; marked out as the Son of God with power for obedience among all nations)
knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ* (LORD N-A, BYZ, GNT, TIS, WHO, Aramaic and Latin have Lord;
SCR, STE, some Aramaic and Latin sources have Christ. LAU has Lord) depart from iniquity (get saved).
Aramaic:
1st LORDemp —agrees with the Stephens text; 2nd LORDemp
Latin: 1st agrees; 2nd has Lord
*Jehovah— because Christ, the stone rejected, is become the foundation of the church, Ephesians 2:20, for this is the LORD’s doing and it is marvelous in our eyes (Psalm 118:23). Our risen Lord is living proof that Jehovah keeps His promises and delivers His own. The other part of the seal Jehovah has set on the foundation, Christ, who is marked out as the Son of God with power by the Spirit of Holiness, that all who name Jehovah, who claim to obey the Covenant God, need to depart from iniquity. First of all each needs to accept salvation and to acknowledge the only begotten Son of God as Lord. Secondly, in the context of 2 Timothy 2:19 each believer needs to stand away from those whose words, like those of Hymenaeus and Philetus, are vain and profane. The foundation, Christ, in his full role as head of the body, the foundation of the church, has these things set to his seal. His accomplishments are clearly read. For a more detailed discussion see the article under New Testament phrase 3. In Matthew 27:64-66, the Pharisees desired Pilate’s seal on Christ’s tomb to secure the grave, but God has raised him from the dead, giving His seal to the living Christ, the foundation of the church for all to see.
2 Timothy 2:21 If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's (despotes: refers to the Lord Jesus Christ) use, and prepared unto every good work.
Aramaic: his lord’s
Latin: the Lord
2 Timothy 2:22 Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord* (New Testament phrase 3).
Aramaic: our Lord
*This is the Lord Jesus Christ. The idiom from the Old
Testament that uses Jehovah is to call on the name of the LORD. LAU has
JAH) out of a pure heart.
2 Timothy 2:24 And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient,
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Timothy 3:11 Persecutions, afflictions, which came
unto me at
Aramaic: my Lord
Tichendorff’s Text
apparatus gives two Greek witnesses for a reading “God delivered me.”
2 Timothy 4:1 I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord (N-A, G=, T,Tr,A,N omit Lord. LAU keeps Lord) Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom;
Aramaic: our Lord
Vulgate: omits lord
2 Timothy 4:8 Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing.
Aramaic: my Lord
2 Timothy 4:14 Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil: the lord reward him according to his works: (Possibly a reference to Matthew 16:27, but in the grace administration the judgment of rewards is the bema of Christ. It is for the church only.)
Aramaic: our Lord
2 Timothy 4:17 Notwithstanding the Lord (LAU seems to have Jah) stood with me, and strengthened me; that by me the preaching might be fully known, and that all the Gentiles might hear: and I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion.
Aramaic: my Lord
2 Timothy 4:18 *And
(omit and: L, T, Tr, A, N, BNT,
GNT, TIS, WHO) the LORD (LAU has JAH) shall deliver (rhoumai as in 2Tim.
3:11) me from every evil work, and will preserve me unto his heavenly kingdom
(similar language in I Thess. 2:12 for the
Aramaic: my Lord
*The omission of the word and has significant bearing on the understanding of 4:17-18. The context of 4:17 would be separated from 4:18. The use of lord in 4:17 then would refer to the Lord Jesus Christ who infuses us with inner strength (Philippians 4:13) and by which strength in evidence the believer is delivered. 2 Timothy 4:18 would then pick up the subject from the perspective not of the agent of salvation (our Lord and Savior) but from the Author of salvation who sent His Son for all mankind. In relationship to His people, the Israel of God (Galatians 6:16), He who delivers us from the mouth of the lion is Jehovah.
**This closing phrase “to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen,” is sometimes called a “doxa” by commentators since the word “glory” in Greek is doxa. Because, in every case, the doxa is addressed to God, the use of Lord in 2 Timothy 4:18 is Jehovah. Here is a list of the doxas in the New Testament: Matt. 6:13; Rom. 11:36; 16:27; Gal. 1:4-5; Eph 3:20-21; Phil. 4:20; 1 Tim. 1:17; 2 Tim. 4:18; Heb. 13:20-21; 1 Pe. 4:11; 5:10-11; 2 Pe. 3:18; Jude 1:25; Rev. 1:5-6; 7:12
Although the “doxa” in 2 Peter 3:18 appears, in the Greek, to refer only to the Lord Jesus Christ, in the Aramaic texts the verse appears in full as:
But be
ye growing in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Redeemer Jesus the
Messiah, and of God the Father: whose is the glory, now, and always, and to the
days of eternity. Amen. (Murdock’s translation).
In John 5:41 it is written that our Lord said, “I receive not honour (doxa – glory) from men.” A study of each
use of the word doxa in the New
Testament shows that our Lord and savior Jesus Christ receives glory and praise
form God. God receives glory and praise from men. The Lord Jesus Christ did not
seek the glory and praise of men. Even as he taught us, he himself only sought
the glory and praise of God. This is exactly what the Aramaic of Revelation
5:13 says:
And every creature which is in heaven, and on earth, And
under the earth, and in the sea, And all them which are therein. And I
heard him who sat upon the throne saying: To the Lamb let there be
given blessing, and honour, and glory, and praise, and dominion, for ever and
ever and ever. (Etheridge Peshitta 1849)
At times in the doxas
both the Lord and the Heavenly Father are included together. The essence of
these scriptures flow in accordance with the Murdock translation of the Aramaic
of Jude 1:25:
before
his majesty, with joy, [namely,] the only God, our Deliverer, by means of Jesus
the Messiah our Lord, be praise, and dominion, and honor, and majesty, both now
and in all ages. Amen.
2 Timothy 4:22 The Lord Jesus Christ be with thy
spirit. Grace be with you. Amen. {The second epistle unto
Timotheus, ordained the first bishop of the church of the Ephesians, was
written from
Aramaic: our Lord
Titus 1:4 To Titus, mine own son after the common faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and (N-A,L,T,Tr,A,N omit the Lord) Christ Jesus our Saviour.
Aramaic: our Lord
Latin: omits Lord has Christ Jesus
Titus 2:9 Exhort servants to be obedient unto their own masters (despotes: slave owners), and to please them well in all things; not answering again;
Aramaic: lords
Latin: lords
Philemon 1:3 Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Aramaic: our Lord
Philemon 1:5 Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints;
Aramaic: our Lord
Philemon 1:16 Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord (NT Phrase 1)?
Aramaic: our Lord
Philemon 1:20 Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord (NT Phrase 1): refresh my bowels in Christ (N-A,L,T,Tr,A,N have Christ).
Aramaic: 1st our Lord, 2nd in Christ
Vulgate: 1st
in the Lord, 2nd in the Lord
Philemon 1:25 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ (NT
Phrase 5) be with your spirit. Amen. {Written from
Aramaic: agrees with the Stephens text
